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| Computer Programmers
perform programming services for establishments or for outside
organizations who may contract |
| for services. Converts
specifications (precise descriptions) about business or scientific
problems into a sequence |
| of detailed
instructions to solve problems by electronic data processing (EDP)
equipment, i.e., digital computers. |
| Draws program flow
charts to describe the processing of data and develops the precise steps
and processing logic |
| which, when entered
into the computer in coded language (BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN, FOCUS,
WEBFOCUS, C++, C, JAVA, |
| PERL, CGI, HTML, SQL or
other programming language), cause the manipulation of data to achieve
desired results. |
| Tests and corrects
programs and prepares instructions for operators who control the computer
during runs. Modifies |
| programs to increase
operating efficiency or to respond to changes in work processes; maintains
records to document |
| program development and
revisions. |
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| Computer Software
Engineers, Applications develop, create, and modify general computer
applications software or |
| specialized utility
programs. Analyze user needs and develop software solutions. Design
software or customize |
| software for client use
with the aim of optimizing operational efficiency. May analyze and design
databases within |
| an application area,
working individually or coordinating database development as part of a
team. |
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| Computer Software
Engineers, Systems Software research, design, develop, and test operating
systems-level software, |
| compilers, and network
distribution software for medical, industrial, military, communications,
aerospace, |
| business, scientific,
and general computing applications. Set operational specifications and
formulate and analyze |
| software requirements.
Apply principles and techniques of computer science, engineering, and
mathematical analysis. |
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| Numerical Tool and
Process Control Programmers develop programs to control machining or
processing of parts by |
| automatic machine
tools, equipment, or systems. |
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| Network Systems and
Data Communications Analysts analyze, design, test, and evaluate network
systems, such as local |
| area networks, wide
area networks, Internet, intranet, and other data communications systems.
Perform network |
| modeling, analysis, and
planning. Research and recommend network and data communications hardware
and software. |
| Include
telecommunications specialists who deal with the interfacing of computer
and communications equipment. May |
| supervise computer
programmers. |
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| Network and Computer
Systems Administrators install, configure, and support an organization's
local area network |
| (LAN), wide area
network (WAN), and Internet system or a segment of a network system.
Maintain network hardware and |
| software. Monitor
network to ensure network availability to all system users and perform
necessary maintenance to |
| support network
availability. May supervise other network support specialists and plan,
coordinate, and implement |
| network security
measures. |
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| Computer Operator I
receives on-the-job training in operating the control console(sometimes
augmented by classroom |
| training). Works under
close personal supervision and is provided detailed written or oral
guidance before and |
| during assignments. As
instructed, resolves common operating problems. May serve as an assistant
operator working |
| under close supervision
or performing a portion of a more senior operator's work. |
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| Computer Operator II
processes scheduled routines which present few difficult operating
problems (e.g., infrequent |
| or easily resolved
error conditions). In response to computer output instructions or error
conditions, applies |
| standard operating or
corrective procedure. Refers problems which do not respond to preplanned
procedure. May serve |
| as an assistant
operator, working under general supervision. |
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| Computer Operator III
processes a range of scheduled routines. In addition to operating the
system and resolving |
| common error
conditions, diagnoses and acts on machine stoppage and error conditions
not fully covered by existing |
| procedures and
guidelines (e.g., resetting switches and other controls or making
mechanical adjustments to maintain |
| or restore equipment
operations). In response to computer output instructions or error
conditions, may deviate from |
| standard procedures if
standard procedures do not provide a solution. Refers problems which do
not respond to |
| corrective
procedures. |
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| Computer Operator IV
adapts to a variety of nonstandard problems which require extensive
operator intervention |
| (e.g., frequent
introduction of new programs, applications, or procedures). In response to
computer output |
| instructions or error
conditions, chooses or devises a course of action from among several
alternatives and alters |
| or deviates from
standard procedures if standard procedures do not provide a solution
(e.g., reassigning equipment |
| in order to work around
faulty equipment or transfer channels); then refers problems. Typically,
completed work is |
| submitted to users
without supervisory review. |
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| Computer Operator V
resolves a variety of difficult operating problems (e.g., making unusual
equipment connections |
| and rarely used
equipment and channel configurations to direct processing through or
around problems in equipment, |
| circuits, or channels
or reviewing test run requirements and developing unusual system
configurations that will |
| allow test programs to
process without interfering with on-going job requirements). In response
to computer output |
| instructions and error
conditions or to avoid loss of information or to conserve computer time,
operator deviates |
| from standard
procedures. Such actions may materially alter the computer unit's
production plans. May spend |
| considerable time away
from the control station providing technical assistance to lower level
operators and |
| assisting programmers,
systems analysts,and subject matter specialists in resolving
problems. |
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| Computer Operator
monitors and operates the control console of either a mainframe digital
computer or a group of |
| minicomputers, in
accordance with operating instructions, to process data. Work is
characterized by the following: |
| 1) Studies operating
instructions to determine equipment setup needed; 2) Loads equipment with
required items |
| (tapes, cards, paper,
etc.); 3) Switches necessary auxiliary equipment into system; 4) Starts
and operates control |
| console; 5) Diagnoses
and corrects equipment malfunctions; 6) Reviews error messages and makes
corrections during |
| operation or refers
problems; 7) Maintains operating record. |
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| Computer Support
Specialists provide technical assistance to computer system users. Answer
questions or resolve |
| computer problems for
clients in person, via telephone or from remote location. May provide
assistance concerning |
| the use of computer
hardware and software, including printing, installation, word processing,
electronic mail, and |
| operating
systems. |
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| Systems Analyst I
initial assignments are designed to expand practical experience in
applying systems analysis |
| techniques and
procedures. Provides several phases of the required systems analysis where
the nature of the system |
| is predetermined. Uses
established fact finding approaches, knowledge of pertinent work processes
and procedures, |
| and familiarity with
related computer programming practices, system software, and computer
equipment. |
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| Applies systems
analysis and design skills in an area such as a recordkeeping
or |
| scientific operation. A
system of several varied sequences or formats is usually developed, e.g.,
systems for |
| maintaining depositor
accounts in a bank, maintaining accounts receivable in a retail
establishment, maintaining |
| inventory accounts in a
manufacturing or wholesale establishment, or processing a limited problem
in a scientific |
| project. Requires
competence in most phases of system analysis and knowledge of pertinent
system software and |
| computer equipment and
of the work processes, applicable regulations, work load, and practices of
the assigned |
| subject-matter area.
Recognizes probable interactions of related computer systems and predicts
impact of a change |
| in assigned
system. |
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| Applies systems
analysis and design techniques to complex computer systems in a broad area
such as manufacturing; |
| finance management;
engineering, accounting, or statistics; logistics planning; material
management, etc. Usually, |
| there are multiple
users of the system; however, there may be complex one-user systems, e.g.,
for engineering or |
| research projects.
Requires competence in all phases of systems analysis techniques,
concepts, and methods and |
| knowledge of available
system software, computer equipment, and the regulations, structure,
techniques, and |
| management practices of
one or more subject-matter areas. Since input data usually come from
diverse sources, is |
| responsible for
recognizing probable conflicts and integrating diverse data elements and
sources. Produces |
| innovative solutions
for a variety of complex problems. |
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| Applies expert systems
analysis and design techniques to complex system development in a
specialized design area |
| and/or resolves unique
or unyielding problems in existing complex systems by applying new
technology. Work requires |
| a broad knowledge of
data sources and flow, interactions of existing complex systems in the
organization, and the |
| capabilities and
limitations of the systems software and computer equipment. Objectives and
overall requirements |
| are defined in the
organization's EDP policies and standards; the primary constraints
typically are those |
| imposed by the need for
compatibility with existing systems or processes. Supervision and nature
of review are |
| similar to levels II
and III. |
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| As a top technical
expert, the Computer Systems Analyst V develops broad unprecedented
computer systems and/or |
| conducts critical
studies central to the success of large organizations having extensive
technical or highly |
| diversified computer
requirements. Considers such requirements as broad organization policy,
and the diverse user |
| needs of several
organizational levels and locations. Works under general administrative
direction. |
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| Computer Systems
Analysts analyze science, engineering, business, and all other data
processing problems for |
| application to
electronic data processing systems. Analyze user requirements, procedures,
and problems to automate |
| or improve existing
systems and review computer system capabilities, workflow, and scheduling
limitations. May |
| analyze or recommend
commercially available software. |
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| Database administrators
work with database management systems software and determine ways to
organize and store |
| data. They identify
user requirements, set up computer databases, and test and coordinate
modifications to the |
| systems. An
organizationĘs database administrator ensures the performance of the
system, understands the platform |
| on which the database
runs, and adds new users to the system. Because they also may design and
implement system |
| security, database
administrators often plan and coordinate security measures. With the
volume of sensitive data |
| generated every second
growing rapidly, data integrity, backup systems, and database security
have become |
| increasingly important
aspects of the job of database administrators. |
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